| / home / isaiah / 5_deuteronomy |
Deuteronomy matches Isaiah 5 with a focus on the song Moses sang to Israel and the blessings he spoke over the tribes of Israel.
The opening match between Isaiah 5 and the book of Deuteronomy is this song about the vineyard. Isaiah says the vineyard he's singing about is Israel. In Deuteronomy Moses sings a song to Israel that matches the vineyard song in Isaiah.
| Isaiah | Deuteronomy |
|---|---|
|
13 Isaiah 5:1 |
5 Deuteronomy 31:30-32:0 |
Within the songs the first match is the idea of a fence or boundary that separates the nations.
| Isaiah | Deuteronomy |
|---|---|
|
13 Isaiah 5:2 |
5 Deuteronomy 32:7-14 |
To fence the vineyard is equivalent to setting up national boundaries for Israel after bringing them into the promised land. That's what Moses is singing about. It's future at this point, of course, but so are the other elements of the song that are coming.
Another detail that matches between the two passages is the theme of watching over the vineyard. In Isaiah a watchtower is built. In Deuteronomy Moses sings that Yahvah looked after Israel as the "apple of his eye."
A third general detail in this match is the idea of provisioning. In Isaiah the picture that's painted is that God is really doting over this vineyard that he's building and he's giving it everything it needs to succeed. In Deuteronomy there's more vocabulary to this effect. It says he fed him produce, honey, oil, butter, milk, meat, wheat and wine. The sense is that God is giving Israel every chance to succeed. He wants good grapes from his vineyard and he's taking every care to make it possible.
What actually happens in bad or wild grapes instead of good or cultivated grapes. I'm not a grape grower so I don't claim to know why a wild grape is a bad thing and a cultivated grape good, but the issue in the story is that God's not getting the result he hoped and worked for.
| Isaiah | Deuteronomy |
|---|---|
|
13 Isaiah 5:3-4 |
5 Deuteronomy 32:15-18 |
In Deuteronomy the failure is worship of false gods. This is the bad result in the vineyard despite everything that's been done. It's like, look, I brought you out of slavery, brought you into a land of milk and honey, settled you down in houses you did not build and vineyards you did not plant and have to wait for, and you repay me by worshipping idols. Okay, you're weird. Whatever the "bad grapes" are it's the worship of false gods instead of Yahvah.
The result of the vineyard yielding bad grapes is the demolition of the vineyard (dispersion of Israel). The vocabulary is different in the two passages, but both are dealing with the consequences of idolatry or yielding bad grapes (however you want to state the problem).
| Isaiah | Deuteronomy |
|---|---|
|
13 Isaiah 5:5-7
|
5 Deuteronomy 32:19-25 |
Isaiah ends this section with reference to Israel as the vineyard he's been singing about, which is part of the reason this song in Isaiah matches the song Moses sung over Israel in Deuteronomy.
Isaiah 5 goes next into 6 woes and Moses blesses 12 tribes in Deuteronomy (skipping Simeon for bad behavior). The key to matches in this segment is realizing that each woe maps two tribes. The map looks like this:
Zebulun and Issachar are given the same blessing by Moses, as are Manassah and Ephraim by virtue of both being part of Joseph. Once the pattern of treating the tribe blessings as pairs was seen it was easy to align them with the woes as you see above. The proof that this way of structuring things is not random, but intended, comes from comparing the content of the woes with the content of the blessings.
Much or little? That is the question. An alternative way of translating Reuben's blessing makes it read "Let Reuben live, and not die, but let his people be few." That almost makes more sense given the way his "blessing" is just a cut above extinction. In Isaiah's first woe the issue is empty houses because there are too few people to inhabit them.
| Isaiah | Deuteronomy |
|---|---|
|
13 Isaiah 5:8-10 |
5 Deuteronomy 33:6-7
|
Isaiah's woe also deals with not enough wheat or wine. This also plays to the Reuben theme of too few.
The other theme in Isaiah's woe is the theme of moving boundaries to steal land and houses. In Judah's blessing the plea is for God to contend with Judah's oppressors. Now I don't know why this would be, but given the alignment Judah's oppressors might be the guys in Isaiah who are playing games with boundaries. Is Reuben the guy whose doing this to Judah?
There are several correlations in this match between Isaiah's second woe and Moses' blessing of Levi and Benjamin. The first match is on the subject of knowledge and it's seen both in what Isaiah says and the blessing for Levi.
| Isaiah | Deuteronomy |
|---|---|
|
13 Isaiah 5:11-17
|
5 Deuteronomy 33:8-12
|
Isaiah says the people went in captivity for lack of knowledge. Levi is the guy who was given the blessing to teach knowledge to Israel. So what's being said in Isaiah is that at least part of the reason Israel went into captivity was Levi was not doing his job of instructing. Why is not so important as recognizing that we need Levi doing his thing for the overall health of the spiritual ecosystem.
There's considerable column space spent in Isaiah on the issue of drinking. I know this to be a match to Levi from other studies, but it's not clear how to make that connection to what Moses says about Levi in Deuteronomy.
The next detail in this match deals with Benjamin. This woe in Isaiah ends with a picture of things getting back to health. Lambs are feeding in the usual fashion and everyone is back in their rightful land. In Deuteronomy the blessing spoken over Benjamin deals with living in safety. That means Benjamin is living in his rightful place without the threat of being uprooted.
Woe 3 in Isaiah matches Moses' blessing of Joseph in a couple general ways. Read the following quotes and see if you can spot the similarities.
| Isaiah | Deuteronomy |
|---|---|
|
13 Isaiah 5:18-19 |
5 Deuteronomy 33:13-17 |
On the surface the most obvious correlation in this match is the reference to the heifer in Isaiah, that pulls something by rope, and the bull in Deuteronomy. We can dig a little deeper though. The blessing spoken over Joseph plays to the produce of the field. Isaiah uses difficult vocabulary, but in mentioning the heifer and rope and pulling things he's probably saying something about the beast of burden that pulls a cart that carries a load of produce from the field.
The theme of trying to unduly hurry things may also play to the way you can't speed up the crop like you can an animal. Joseph's downside may be that he always wants to push and never stops or slows down.
| Isaiah | Deuteronomy |
|---|---|
|
13 Isaiah 5:20 |
5 Deuteronomy 33:18-19 |
| Isaiah | Deuteronomy |
|---|---|
|
13 Isaiah 5:21 |
5 Deuteronomy 33:20-22
|
| Isaiah | Deuteronomy |
|---|---|
|
13 Isaiah 5:22-25
|
5 Deuteronomy 33:23-25
|
| Isaiah | Deuteronomy |
|---|---|
|
13 Isaiah 5:26-6:0 |
5 Deuteronomy 33:26-34:0 |